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New Research Findings Presented at Endocrine Society Meeting

Sleep duration, race, and childhood obesity play roles in development ofdiabetes and cardiovascular disease risks, according to research presented atENDO 2006, The Endocrine Society's 88th annual meeting, held June 24–27in Boston.

SLEEP DURATION

Plamen Penev, MD, and colleagues at University of Chicago reported on astudy in which four men and two women participated in two different 2-weektests. In one test, the subjects were limited to sedentary indoor activity,were given access to palatable food, and were allowed to sleep for 8.5 hoursper night. In the second, they were limited to 5.5 hours of sleep eachnight.

Researchers measured body weight, fat composition, and glucose tolerancebefore and after each test cycle. The results showed that reducing sleepworsened the impact of a sedentary lifestyle on insulin sensitivity.

"When sleep is restricted in this type of setting, there is a greaterreduction in insulin sensitivity, which may increase the long-term risk ofcardiovascular disease and diabetes," Penev says.

RACE MATTERS

Research from a group at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, N.C.,indicates that race is an important factor in addition to obesity in thedevelopment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.

Jennifer Wolfgang, MD, and colleagues found that African-American womenwere more likely than whites or Hispanics to have insulin resistance at a bodymass index (BMI) within the normal range. Nearly half of African-Americanwomen with a "lean" BMI (<25) were found to have insulinresistance, Wolfgang says.

RISKS TO CHILDREN

Other research presented at ENDO highlights the growing risks of obesityand diabetes for children.

A study of 160 children by researchers at the Nemours Children's Clinic andthe Mayo Clinic, both in Jacksonville, Fla., revealed that obese subjects whowere otherwise healthy had a significant increase in markers of inflammationand a tendency to form clots, suggesting that obesity alone may be the firstmarker of early cardiovascular risk.

Vanessa David, MD, and colleagues at University of Florida in Gainesvillereported a study of 5,928 pediatric patients with diabetes from sevenpediatric endocrine clinics across the U.S. showing that children with type 2diabetes have a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk, experience minimallong-term improvement in blood glucose levels, and tend to developcomplications of the disease at an early age.

The study emphasizes the need to educate physicians and patients about theneed for better adherence to treatment plans and early screening forcomplications of diabetes, according to David.

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